Native graminoids - northeastern Pennsylvania

Agrostis hyemalis

Hairgrass or Winter bentgrass - dry or moist soil in woods and fields, bogs, meadows, and along roadsides; FAC. Grows 12 to 32 inches; sun to part shade in dry to moist sandy loam.; very few sources.

Agrostis perennans

Autumn bent - woods, thickets, open areas, and on stream banks; FACU. Grows 20 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in moist silty loam.; very few sources.

Agrostis scabra

Fly-away grass - meadows, shrublands, woodlands, marshes, and stream and lake margins; FAC. Grows 12 to 32 inches; sun to part sun in dry to moist sandy loam.; very few sources.

Andropogon gerardii

Big bluestem - stream banks, roadsides, moist meadows, and prairies; FAC-. Grows 3 to 10 feet; sun to part sun in average, dry to medium, well to drained soils in full sun, prefers dry, infertile soil; commonly available.

Andropogon virginicus

Broom-sedge or bluestem - old fields, hillsides, and waste grounds; FACU. Grows 20 to 60 inches; sun to part sun in dry to moist sandy to medium loams; commonly available.

Brachyelytrum erectum

Bearded shorthusk - moist to dry deciduous woods and thickets. Grows 20 to 40 inches; part shade, in mesic soil containing loam, sandy loam, or some rocky material; very few sources.

Bromus altissimus

Bromegrass - shaded or open woods, along stream banks, and on alluvial plains and slopes; FACW. Also known as Bromus latigumus; part sun to part shade in moist, sandy loam; very few sources.

Bromus ciliatus

Fringed brome - damp meadows, thickets, woods and stream banks; FACW. Grows 24 to 60 inches; sun to part shade in rich sandy loam; very few sources.

Bromus kalmii

Bromegrass - sandy, gravelly, or limestone soils in open woods and calcareous fens; FACU. Grows 20 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to moist rocky sandy loam; several sources.

Bromus pubescens

Canada brome - shaded, moist, often upland deciduous woods. Grows 24 to 60 inches; part shade to shade in dry to moist sandy loam; very few sources.

Calamagrostis canadensis

Canada bluejoint - wet meadows, bogs, and swamps; two varieties, canadensis and macouniana; FACW. Grows 24 to 60 inches; sun to part sun in rich moist loam.; commonly available.

Chasmanthium latifolium

Northern sea-oats or Indian wood oats - rich alluvial woods or rocky slopes along streams and on moist bluffs and stream banks; FACU. Grows 20 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to moist rich sandy loam, pH 5 to 7; commonly available.

Cinna arundinacea

Wood reedgrass - moist woodlands and swamps, depressions, along streams, and in floodplain and upland woods; less frequent in wet meadows, marshes, and disturbed sites; FACU. Grows 40 to 60 inches; part sun to part shade in moist to wet humusy loam; very few sources.

Cyperus esculentus

Yellow nutsedge - low areas of upland prairies and fields, stream edges and pond margins; FACU. Grows 12 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist, rich sandy loams; very few sources.

Danthonia spicata

Poverty grass - dry rocky, sandy, or mineral soils, usually in open sunny places. Grows 8 to 24 inches; sun to part shade in dry to mesic sandy loam; very few sources.

Deschampsia flexuosa

Common hairgrass - dry and generally rocky slopes and in woods and thickets, often on disturbed sites. Grows 12 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to mesic sandy loam; very few sources.

Dulichium arundinaceum

Three-way sedge - open wet places, lake and pond margins, marshes, swamps, bogs and stream shores; OBL. Can reach 48 inches; part shade in moist to wet sandy to clay loam; several sources.

Echinochloa muricata

Barnyard grass - moist ground, alluvial shores and often on disturbed sites; FACW+. Grows 4 to 24 inches; sun to part sun in rich silty loam; very few sources.

Eleocharis acicularis

Needle spike-rush - bare, wet soil or in lakes, ponds, vernal pools, meadows, springs and disturbed places; OBL. Can reach 3 feet; sun to part sun in shallow ponds and pools; several sources.

Eleocharis erythropoda

Bald Spike-rush - non-calcareous or calcareous fresh or brackish shores, marshes, wet meadows, fens, stream banks and swales; OBL. Can reach 3 feet; full sun in wet to mesic sandy loam, prefers pH of 7 to 8; very few sources.

Eleocharis palustris

Creeping spike-rush - large colonies at lake and stream margins, bogs, swamps and marshy swales. Can reach 50 inches; sun to part sun in ponds, rain gardens and retention basins up to 40 inches deep; can be inundated for up to 4 months; very few sources.

Elymus canadensis var. canadensis

Canada wild-rye - alluvial shores and thickets, especially near larger rivers and tributaries; FACU+. Can reach 36 inches; sun to part sun in silty alluvial loam; commonly available.

Elymus hystrix

Bottlebrush grass - dry to moist soils in open woods and thickets, especially on base to rich slopes and small stream terraces. Grows 24 to 36 inches; part sun to part shade in moist sandy clay loam; several sources.

Elymus riparius

Riverbank wild-rye - moist, generally alluvial and often sandy soils in woods and thickets, usually along larger streams and occasionally along upland ditches; FACW. Grows 40 to 60 inches; part sun to part shade in mesic to moist alluvial sandy loam; several sources.

Elymus trachycaulus

Slender wheatgrass - generally open or moderately open areas, but sometimes in forests; FACU. Grows 15 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in dry to moist sandy loam; very few sources.

Elymus villosus

Wild rye - moist to moderately dry, generally rocky soils in woods and thickets, especially in calcareous or other base to rich soils; also frequent on drier, sandy soils or damper, alluvial soils in glaciated regions; FACU-. Grows 20 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to moist sandy or alluvial loam; several sources.

Elymus virginicus

Virginia wild rye - moist-damp or rather dry soil, mostly on bottomland or fertile uplands, in open woods, thickets, tall forbs, or weedy sites; FACW-. Grows 20 to 50 inches; part sun to part shade in sandy, organic clay loam, pH 5 to 7; commonly available.

Eragrostis spectabilis

Purple lovegrass - dry sandy fields, woods margins, roadsides, usually in sandy to clay loam soils; UPL. Grows 12 to 24 inches; sun to part sun in dry to moist sandy to clay loams; commonly available.

Eriophorum virginicum

Tawny cotton-grass - bogs and peaty meadows and swamps; OBL. Grows 1 to 3 feet; full sun in wet, rich silty soil; very few sources.

Festuca subverticillata

Nodding fescue - moist to dry deciduous or mixed forests with organic rocky soils; FACU. Grows 24 to 48 inches; part sun to part shade in moist, organic, rocky, sandy loam; very few sources.

Glyceria borealis

Northern mannagrass - edges and muddy shores of freshwater streams, lakes, and ponds; OBL. Can reach 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; very few sources.

Glyceria canadensis

Rattlesnake mannagrass - bogs, swamps, wet woods and marshes near lakes; OBL. Can reach 36 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; several sources.

Glyceria grandis

American mannagrass - wet woods and meadows, stream banks, swamps, and in the water of streams, ditches and ponds. Can reach 48 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; several sources.

Glyceria melicaria

Slender mannagrass - swamps, bogs and wet soils; OBL. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; very few sources.

Glyceria striata

Fowl mannagrass - bogs, along lakes and streams, and in other wet places; OBL. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; commonly available.

Hierochloe odorata

Vanilla sweetgrass - moist meadows or river shores. Grows 18 to 36 inches; FACW; sun to part sun in moist, organic sandy loam; commonly available.

Juncus acuminatus

Sharp-fruited rush - wet meadows, swamps, marshes, stream banks, shores, ditches, and near springs on rock outcrops; OBL. Grows 8 to 30 inches; full sun in rich loam, wet to shallow water; very few sources.

Juncus articulatus

Jointed rush - swamps and mud flats; wet ground in ditches, lake and stream margins, generally in calcareous soils. Grows 4 to 20 inches; full sun in rich loam, wet to shallow water; very few sources.

Juncus bufonius

Toad rush - moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, frequent in drawdown areas; usually in open sites and often becoming weedy; FACW; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich loam; very few sources.

Juncus canadensis

Canada rush - swamps, marshes, bogs, swales, fens, lake and pond shores; prefers calcareous soils; OBL. Grows 12 to 48 inches; full sun in moist to wet rich loams; very few sources.

Juncus dudleyi

Dudley's rush - exposed or shaded sites, usually moist areas such as along stream banks, ditches, around springs. Grows 12 to 32 inches; sun to part shade in sandy to clayey loam; very few sources.

Juncus effusus var. pylaei

Soft rush - swamps and marshes, and moist to saturated meadows; FACW+. Can reach 36 inches; sun to part sun in mesic to moist sandy, rich loam; commonly available.

Juncus filiformis

Thread rush - moist to wet soil along stream banks, pools, lakes or in meadow depressions; rarely in bogs. Grows 6 to 12 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet sandy rich loam; very few sources.

Juncus greenei

Greene's rush - dry sandy well-drained sites near lake shores, in sand dunes or pinelands; very rare and endangered; FAC. Grows 10 to 30 inches; sun to part sun in dry sandy loam; very few sources.

Juncus marginatus var. marginatus

Grass-leaved rush - bogs, shores, marshes and ditches in moist to wet clayey, peaty or sandy soils; FACW. Grows 10 to 20 inches; sun to part sun in rich, moist to wet sandy, peaty or clay loam; very few sources.

Juncus nodosus

Knotted rush - moist to wet fields, swamps, fens, marshes, swales, bogs in sandy often calcareous soils; OBL. Grows 6 to 18 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet sandy circumneutral soils; very few sources.

Juncus tenuis

Path rush - moist to dry and sometimes heavily compacted soil of woods, fields, waste ground and paths; FAC-. Grows 4 to 32 inches; sun to part shade in dry to moist sandy clay loam; commonly available.

Leersia oryzoides

Rice cutgrass - clayey to sandy heavy wet soils in meadows and bogs, frequently in standing water; OBL. Grows 30 to 80 inches; full sun in moist to wet mucky to sandy loams; commonly available.

Leersia virginica

Cutgrass - damp to wet woods, often along streams; FACW. Grows 20 to 50 inches; part sun to part shade in moist, rich sandy loam; very few sources.

Luzula acuminata var acuminata

Hairy woodrush - meadows, hillsides and open woods; FAC. Grows 5 to 15 inches; sun to part sun in rich, sandy loam; very few sources.

Luzula multiflora

Field woodrush - fields and meadows, clearings, open woods and roadside ditches; FACU. Can reach 30 inches; sun to part sun in dry to mesic sandy loam, pH 5 to 7; very few sources.

Milium effusum var. cisatlanticum

Milletgrass - cool rich woods. Grows 4 to 8 inches; part shade to shade in mesic to moist humusy loam; very few sources.

Muhlenbergia frondosa

Wirestem muhly - thickets, clearings and forest edges and alluvial plains; FAC. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in moist sandy loam; very few sources.

Muhlenbergia glomerata

Spike muhly - marshes, bogs, fens, meadows, lake shores and stream banks, prefers calcareous soils; FACW. Grows 12 to 36 inches; sun to part sun in moist, rich sandy loam; very few sources.

Muhlenbergia mexicana

Muhly - bogs, swamps, lake margins, moist prairies and woodlands; FACW. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in mesic to moist sandy loams; very few sources.

Muhlenbergia schreberi

Dropseed or Nimblewill - dry to mesic woodlands and prairies, river banks and ravines, often in sandy to rocky soil; FAC. Can reach 36 inches; sun to part shade in dry to moist sandy loam; can be invasive; very few sources.

Panicum capillare

Witchgrass - fields, pastures, roadsides, waste places and ditches; FAC-. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in dry to moist sandy to clayey loam; very few sources.

Panicum clandestinum

Deer-tongue grass - clearings and edges in damp, sandy woodlands and thickets; FAC+. Grows 30 to 50 inches; part sun to part shade in moist sandy loam; very few sources.

Panicum dichotomiflorum

Smooth panic grass - dry to moist open woods, meadows, bogs, swamps, edges of lakes and ponds; FACW-. Grows 12 to 24 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to moist sandy loam; very few sources.

Panicum oligosanthes var. oligosanthes

Hellers rosette grass - loamy, clayey soil of thickets, especially along the Delaware River; FACU. Grows 10 to 30 inches; part sun in dry to moist clay loam; very few sources.

Panicum rigidulum

Panic grass - marshy shorelines of rivers, lakes and ponds, swamps, wet pine savannahs, floodplain forests and wet low woods; rarely in dry sites; FACW+. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; very few sources.

Panicum virgatum

Switchgrass - dry slopes of open oak or pine woodlands, river banks, marshes, but especially mesic to wet tall grass prairies; FAC. Can reach 6 feet; full sun to part shade in average, medium to wet soils. Prefers moist, sandy or clay soils in full sun. Tends to lose columnar form and flop in rich soils and too much shade; commonly available.

Phalaris arundinacea

Reed canary-grass - dry to wet, well to drained soil, especially in marshes, swamps; FACW. Grows 10 to 30 inches; full sun to part shade in dry to wet sandy rich loam; several sources.

Phragmites australis var americana

Common reed - marshes, lake shores, swales and ditches in wet, muddy ground; FACW. Grows 3 to 12 feet; full sun in moist to wet muddy loams. A very aggressive spreader; very few sources.

Poa palustris

Fowl bluegrass - wet meadows, shores, thickets, riparian and upland areas; FACW. Grows 20 to 50 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; several sources.

Poa saltuensis

Old-pasture bluegrass - dry to mesic rich open woodlands and thickets in thin soils over limestone. Grows 20 to 50 inches; part sun to part shade in circumneutral dry to mesic loam; very few sources.

Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium

Little bluestem - old fields, roadsides and open woods; FACU. Grows 20 to 45 inches; sun to part shade in dry to moist sandy loam; commonly available.

Schoenoplectus purshianus

Bulrush - lake shores, ponds and ditches, often emergent with relatively little water to level fluctuations; OBL. Can reach 36 inches; sun to part sun in sandy soils, shallow standing water; very few sources.

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani

Great bulrush - fens, marshes, bogs, lakes, stream banks and sandbars, often emergent in water to 3 feet deep; OBL. Grows 18 to 30 inches; sun to part sun in sandy to silty soils, shallow standing water; very few sources.

Scirpus atrocinctus

Blackish wool-grass - moist to wet meadows, marshes, ditches and swales; FACW+. Grows 10 to 25 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich silty loam; very few sources.

Scirpus atrovirens

Black bulrush - marshes, moist meadows, swales, shores and ditches; FACW+. Grows 20 to 30 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich silty loam; commonly available.

Scirpus cyperinus

Wool-grass - marshes, wet meadows and swales; FACW+. Grows 30 to 60 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich loam, including shallow water; commonly available.

Scirpus expansus

Wood bulrush - marshes, wet meadows and swales; OBL. Grows 12 to 30 inches; full sun in wet silty loam, including standing water; very few sources.

Scirpus microcarpus

Bulrush - marshes, moist meadows, swales and ditches; OBL. Grows 12 to 30 inches; full sun in wet silty loam, including standing water; very few sources.

Scirpus pendulus

Bulrush - marshes, moist meadows and ditches, often associated with calcareous substrates. Grows 12 to 30 inches; full sun in wet silty circumneutral loam, including standing water; very few sources.

Scirpus polyphyllus

Bulrush - swampy places and along streams, usually shaded by trees; OBL. 12 to 30 inches; part shade in wet rich sandy loam, including standing water; very few sources.

Sisyrinchium angustifolium

Blue-eyed grass - moist open woods, moist sandy meadows, stream banks and swamp edges; FACW. Can reach 20 inches; sun to part shade in moist to wet sandy loam; commonly available.

Sisyrinchium montanum var. crebrum

Blue-eyed grass - moist meadows and floodplains at lower elevations; FAC. Can reach 20 inches; sun to part shade in moist silty loam; very few sources.

Sorghastrum nutans

Indian-grass - prairies, woodlands and savannahs, including scrublands; FACU. Grows 3 to 6 feet; sun to part sun in dry to mesic sandy loam; commonly available.

Sparganium americanum

Bur-reed - lake and pond shores and shallow, neutral to alkaline waters, sometimes forming large stands; OBL. Grows 20 to 50 inches; sun to part sun in sandy to silty moist to wet loams, including standing water; very few sources.

Sparganium eurycarpum

Bur-reed - shores, ditches, low marshes, neutral to alkaline water on gravel, sand or mud, occasionally among boulders on wave to washed shorelines; OBL. Grows 20 to 50 inches; full sun in silty to sandy loam on pond edges or in standing water; commonly available.

Sparganium fluctuans

Bur-reed - cold, still, acidic to neutral low-nutrient waters up to 6 feet deep; sometimes covers the surface with strap to shaped leaves; OBL. Can reach 6 feet; full sun in standing water on silty to sandy loam; very few sources.

Spartina pectinata

Freshwater cordgrass - marshes, sloughs and floodplains, especially those that are ice-scoured; OBL. Grows 3 to 6 feet; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty and alluvial loam; commonly available.

Sphenopholis obtusata var. major

Slender wedgegrass - forests, marsh edges and prairies on dry open sites; FAC-. Grows 10 to 25 inches; sun to part sun in dry to mesic sandy loam; very few sources.

Tridens flavus

Purpletop - meadows, fields, roadsides and open woods; FACU. Grows 40 to 50 inches; sun to part sun in dry sandy to clay loam; very few sources.

Trisetum spicatum

Oatgrass - forests, moist meadows, rock ledges and scree fields; FACU. Grows 4 to 20 inches; sun to part sun in dry sandy and rocky soils. AKA Aira spicata; very few sources.

Vulpia octoflora var. glauca

Six-weeks fescue - open woodlands and clearings, savannahs, meadows, roadsides in dry and sterile soil; UPL. Grows 4 to 16 inches; sun to part sun in dry to mesic infertile sandy loams; very few sources.

Carex annectens

Yellowfruit sedge - dry to moist, often calcareous soils in open habitats and wet meadows; FACW. Grows 16 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in dry to moist sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex appalachica

Appalachian sedge - dry to mesic deciduous or mixed forests, usually on sandy or rocky soils. Grows 8 to 24 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to moist rocky sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex argyrantha

Hay sedge - dry and rocky (especially sandstone) woods and clearings. Grows 12 to 40 inches; part shade to shade in dry rocky sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea

Prickly bog sedge - swamps, bogs, and along shores; OBL. Grows 4 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in moist silty loam; very few sources.

Carex baileyi

Bailey's sedge - sandy, peaty, or gravelly pond, lake, and stream shores, meadows, swamps, seeps, ditches, usually in acidic soils; OBL. Grows 8 to 28 inches; part sun to part shade in moist to wet rich silty loam; very few sources.

Carex bebbii

Bebb's sedge - wet places with calcareous or neutral soils, gravelly lakeshores, stream banks, meadows and forest seeps; OBL. Grows 8 to 32 inches; sun to part shade in moist rich loam; commonly available.

Carex bicknellii

Bicknell's sedge - dry woods, thickets, fields and barrens. Grows 12 to 48 inches; sun to part shade in dry to mesic sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex blanda

Eastern woodland sedge - swamps, bottomlands and mesic to dry woods, including lawns, roadsides and stream banks; FAC; 6 to 24 inches; sun to part shade in dry to mesic rich sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex brevior

Sedge - prairies, meadows, open woods, dry road banks, often in calcareous or neutral soils. Grows 12 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in dry to mesic rich sandy loam; several sources.

Carex bromoides

Brome to like sedge - wet hardwood forests, wooded floodplains and swamps, occasionally wet meadows and marsh edges; FACW. Grows 10 to 32 inches; part sun to part shade in moist, rich humusy loam; very few sources.

Carex bushii

Sedge - dry to moist upland woods, thickets, and fields; FACW. Grows 10 to 36 inches; medium to moist soils in full sun to part shade; very few sources.

Carex buxbaumii

Bauxbaum's sedge - calcareous swamps, swales, wet meadows, marshes, and fens; OBL. Grows 10 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam, circumneutral soils; very few sources.

Carex cephalophora

Oval to leaf sedge - dry to wet to mesic deciduous or mixed forests, thickets, but rarely open grassy habitats; FACU. Grows 12 to 32 inches; part sun to part shade in dry, mesic to wet rich sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex comosa

Longhair sedge - swamps and wet thickets, stream, pond and lakeshores, depressions in wet meadows, marshes, often in shallow water or on emergent stumps, floating logs, and floating mats of vegetation; OBL. Grows 20 to 48 inches; sun to part sun in wet, silty, loam and sometimes standing water; commonly available.

Carex conoidea

Open field sedge - moist meadows and prairies, shores of lakes, ponds, and rivers, usually in acidic sands or loams; FACU. Grows 5 to 30 inches; sun to part sun in moist, rich organic loam; very few sources.

Carex crinita var. crinita

Fringed or Short hair sedge - swamps, floodplain forests, wet meadows, marshes, bogs, stream edges, margins of lakes and ponds and roadside ditches; OBL. Grows 28 to 60 inches; sun to pat shade in moist to wet silty organic loam; commonly available.

Carex cristatella

Crested sedge - moist to wet meadows, marshes, thickets, stream banks, and ditches; FACW. Grows 12 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty organic loam; very few sources.

Carex davisii

Davis' sedge - rich deciduous floodplain forests and forest margins, usually along streams, meadows, fields and thickets; often on calcareous soils; FAC-. Grows 12 to 36 inches; sun to part shade in rich humus; very few sources.

Carex deweyana var. deweyana

Dewey sedge - wet to mesic to dry to mesic forests, and forest edges; FACU. Grows 8 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in rich rocky loam; very few sources.

Carex diandra

Lesser panicled sedge - bog hummocks and pond margins; OBL. Grows 12 to 30 inches; sun to part sun on pond edges in wet, organic loam; very few sources.

Carex echinata

Prickly sedge - bogs, swamps, peaty or sandy shores of streams or lakes, wet meadows, usually in acidic soils; OBL. Grows 4 to 36 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; very few sources.

Carex emoryi

Sedge - stream banks, swales, marshes, seepy areas and fens; OBL. Grows 12 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in moist to wet rich sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex flava

Yellow sedge - moist to wet habitats, such as open meadows, fens, partially shaded shrub peaty wetlands and swamps, on lime to rich soils; OBL. Grows 4 to 32 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich loam; very few sources.

Carex folliculata

Northern long sedge - wet forests, bogs, seeps, wet meadows, marsh edges, stream banks, lakeshores, in acidic, sandy, or peaty soils; OBL. Grows 12 to 48 inches; part sun to shade in moist to wet rich humusy soils; very few sources.

Carex glaucodea

Blue sedge - mesic to wet to mesic deciduous forests or seasonally moist prairies, usually in clays or loams. Grows 4 to 20 inches; part sun to part shade in clayey to sandy loams; very few sources.

Carex gracillima

Graceful sedge - mesic to dry deciduous forests, including edges and openings, mixed conifer to hardwood forests, coniferous swamps, thickets, meadows, and along roadsides; FACU. Grows 8 to 40 inches; part shade in dry to mesic sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex granularis

Limestone meadow sedge - meadows, fens, glades, or shores, moist woods, and bottomland swamps, especially along streams usually in clayey or sandy to clay soils; FACW+. Grows 8 to 36 inches; part sun to part shade in moist to wet rich silty loam; very few sources.

Carex grisea

Wood Gray Sedge - dry to moist rich deciduous woodlands, meadows, swales and ditches; FAC. Grows 8 to 30 inches; part shade in rich moist organic loam; very few sources.

Carex gynandra

Nodding sedge - swamps, floodplain forests, wet meadows, marshes, bogs, stream edges, margins of lakes and ponds and roadside ditches; OBL. Grows 30 to 60 inches; part sun to part shade in moist to wet silty loam; very few sources.

Carex hirsutella

Fuzzy wuzzy sedge - meadows and dry to mesic woods in neutral to basic soils; sun to part shade in dry to mesic sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex hirtifolia

Hairy Sedge - mesic to dry thickets, lowland forests and forested slopes. Grows 12 to 32 inches; part sun to part shade in mesic to dry soil containing loam, clay to loam, or some rocky material. Above average tolerance of dry conditions; very few sources.

Carex hystericina

Bottlebrush sedge - swamps, moist meadows and fens, seeps and edges of lakes, ponds and streams, mostly in calcareous soils; OBL. Grows 8 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich silty loam; commonly available.

Carex interior

Inland sedge - wet meadows and prairies, fens, swamps, river and lakeshores, seeps; usually in calcareous soils; OBL. Grows 8 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet, rich silty circumneutral loam; very few sources.

Carex intumescens

Great bladder sedge - dry to wet forests and openings, thickets, and wet meadows; FACW+. Grows 6 to 32 inches; part shade to shade in dry to mesic acidic humus; very few sources.

Carex lacustris

Hairy sedge - swamps, wet thickets, marsh edges, meadows, fens and shores of lakes, ponds and streams; OBL. Grows 10 to 50 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; several sources.

Carex lasiocarpa

Wooly fruit sedge - wet meadows, stream banks, fens and bogs, lakeshores, especially in very wet sites and sometimes forming floating mats; OBL. Grows 10 to 50 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty or peaty loam; very few sources.

Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis

Spreading sedge - wet, low, deciduous or mixed deciduous and evergreen forests; stream edges and springs, and seeps, especially on clay soils. Grows 4 to 40 inches; part shade to shade in mesic to moist humusy sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex laxiflora

Broad looseflower sedge - higher elevations of dry to moist deciduous or mixed deciduous to evergreen forests; FACU. Grows 5 to 25 inches; part shade to shade in mesic to moist humusy sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex lupuliformis

False hop sedge - calcareous marshes, wet woods, sometimes in shallow water; FACW. Grows 20 to 48 inches; full sun to part shade in silty rich soils continually moist to wet; very few sources.

Carex lupulina

Hop sedge - wet mixed to deciduous swampy forests and openings and wet meadows; OBL. Grows 10 to 50 inches; part sun to part shade in moist to wet rich silty loam; very few sources.

Carex lurida

Shallow sedge - pond, lake and stream shores, marshes and wet meadows, seeps and swampy forests, usually in sandy acidic soils; OBL. Grows 10 to 50 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich silty loam; several sources.

Carex molesta

Troublesome sedge - dry to wet, frequently heavy, calcareous soils in fields, bottomlands and along roadsides. Grows 15 to 45 inches; sun to part shade in dry to wet, clayey to silty loam; very few sources.

Carex muehlenbergii

Muehlenberg's sedge - sandy, dry savannahs and open forests. Grows 10 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in dry sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex normalis

Greater straw sedge - generally wet woods, thickets, meadows and along roadsides; FACU. Grows 10 to 50 inches; sun to part shade in moist to mesic sandy clay loam; very few sources.

Carex pedunculata

Sedge - rich, rocky, wooded slopes or swampy woods. Grows 2 to 12 inches; part shade to shade in moist to dry sandy loams; very few sources.

Carex pellita

Sedge - swamps, moist meadows, and along shores of lakes and ponds; OBL. Grows 12 to 40 inches; full sun to part in moist to wet rich loams; very few sources.

Carex pensylvanica

Pennsylvania sedge - well to drained, acidic but mineral-rich sandy, rocky, and loamy soils in deciduous forests, edges and openings. Grows 4 to 16 inches; part shade to shade in dry to mesic sandy rocky loam. Colonizes by rhizomes; commonly available.

Carex plantaginea

Plantain sedge - rich, moist, deciduous or mixed deciduous to evergreen forests, on slopes along streams or along edges of moist depressions. Grows 8 to 24 inches; part shade in consistently moist organic loams; commonly available.

Carex platyphylla

Broad-leaf sedge - rocky or gravelly slopes in rich, moist deciduous forests, usually on limestone, shale, or calcareous metamorphic rocks, often on clay soils. Grows 6 to 16 inches; part sun to shade in moist, rich sandy humus; very few sources.

Carex projecta

Necklace sedge - moist to wet meadows, low spots in deciduous and mixed forests, thickets, stream banks and lake shores; FACW; part sun to part shade in moist to wet rich loam; very few sources.

Carex radiata

Eastern star sedge - wet to mesic mixed and deciduous forests in usually seasonally wet areas. Grows 10 to 30 inches; part sun to part shade in mesic to wet to mesic sandy clay loam; very few sources.

Carex retrorsa

Backward sedge - lake and pond shores, stream banks, marshes, swamps, wet meadows and thickets; FACW. Grows 12 to 36 inches; shade to part shade in moist to wet organic loam; very few sources.

Carex rosea

Rosy sedge - dry and mesic deciduous and mixed forests. Grows 10 to 35 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to mesic sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex scoparia

Broom sedge - dry to wet open habitats, often on sandy, acidic soils; FACW. Grows 10 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in dry to wet acidic, sandy loam; several sources.

Carex sparganioides

Bur reed sedge - dry and mesic deciduous and mixed forests on neutral or basic soils; FACU. Grows 15 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in dry to moist humusy loam; very few sources.

Carex sprengelii

Sprengli's sedge - dry to mesic hardwood and mixed conifer forests and openings, floodplain forests and riverbanks, lakeshores, limestone river bluffs, frequent on calcareous soils; FACU. Grows 10 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in dry to mesic rich sandy and alluvial loam; several sources.

Carex sterilis

Atlantic sedge - white to cedar swamps, wet calcareous prairies, fens and meadows, calcareous seeps, lake and river shores, and wet sunny limestone outcrops; OBL. Grows 1 to 3 inches; full sun to part sun in wet to moist circumneutral sandy loams

Carex stipata var. stipata

Owl fruit sedge - soils that are periodically saturated or inundated in wet meadows, swamps, marshes, and alluvial bottomlands. Grows 15 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich silty and alluvial loam; very few sources.

Carex stricta

Tussock or Upright sedge - lake shores, bogs, marshes and wet meadows; OBL. Grows 6 to 44 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet rich silty or alluvial loam; commonly available.

Carex swanii

Swann's sedge - mesic to dry forests and scrublands; FACU. Grows 10 to 20 inches; part sun to part shade in mesic to dry sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex tenera

Quill sedge - moist to dry meadows and open forests; FAC. Grows 10 to 35 inches; part sun to part shade in mesic to wet sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex teretiuscula

Prairie sedge - calcareous fens and marshes; FACW. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist rich silty loam. Also known as Carex prairea; very few sources.

Carex tribuloides

Sedge - open floodplain forests, moist to wet grasslands, ditches, stream banks and wet thickets; FACW+. Grows 20 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in wet to moist gravelly, sandy, peaty or loamy soils; very few sources.

Carex trichocarpa

Hairy fruit sedge - wet thickets and meadows, near streams and rivers, and in openings in bottomlands; OBL. Grows 20 to 50 inches; sun to part sun in moist rich loam; very few sources.

Carex tuckermanii

Sedge - deciduous swamp forests, thickets, often along streams or pond shores and wet meadows; OBL. Grows 16 to 40 inches; sun to part shade in moist to wet silty loam; very few sources.

Carex utriculata

Northwest territory sedge - pond and lake shorelines, swamps, marshes, meadows, fens, bogs and wet thickets; OBL. Grows 16 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist rich loam; very few sources.

Carex vesicaria

Blister sedge - stream, pond and lake shores; marshes, bogs, wet meadows, low wet areas in forests, wet thickets and swamps, frequently on sites inundated in spring and dry during summer; OBL. Grows 5 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in mesic to moist rich sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex virescens

Ribbed sedge - deciduous forests and banks ranging from mesic to dry. Grows 15 to 40 inches; part sun to part shade in mesic to dry sandy loam; very few sources.

Carex vulpinoidea var. vulpinoidea

Fox sedge - marshes, ditches and wet meadows periodically inundated or saturated; OBL. Grows 16 to 40 inches; sun to part sun in moist to wet silty loam; commonly available.